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Home Medicina Optičke iluzije
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Optičke iluzije PDF Ispis E-mail
Medicina
Autor Ana Dobrica   

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Petak, 30 Ožujak 2012 03:26

okoPerceptivne varke su pogrešno percipirane pojave, a najčešće među njima su optičke iluzije koje su uzrokovane tromošću oka. Perceptivne varke i optičke iluzije treba razlikovati od halucinacija. Naime, kod perceptivnih iluzija dolazi do podražaja, ali je zbunjujući za osjetilo, dok kod halucinacija do podražaja uopće ne dolazi.


Čunjići i štapići

Oko se sastoji od više dijelova, ali je za optičke varke "najodgovornija" mrežnica koja je receptor osjeta. Mrežnica je sastavljena od čunjića koji su osjetljivi na boje i omogućavaju vid danju, a štapići osiguravaju crno-bijeli vid i aktiviraju se po noći. 

Perzistencija osjeta - paslika

Kod vida može doći do perzistencija osjeta koji ostaje još nekoliko trenutaka nakon što smo uklonili podražaj i ta se pojava zove paslika. Recimo, ako gledamo u neku žarku točku ili jako osvijetljeni lik, kada odmaknemo pogled, i dalje ćemo vidjeti taj predmet ali u komplementarnoj boji. Npr. ako smo se zagledali u sunce koje je žute boje, kasnije ćemo vidjeti plavi krug.

Najčešće perceptivne varke

Zollner Muller-Lyer
pravci su paralelni linije su jednake

 

Vox populi – Što je fatamorgana?

Iako ne nastaje na isti način kao do sada objašnjavane, ima jednako zbunjujući učinak. Fatamorgana je zapravo posljedica potpune refleksije do koje dolazi kada svjetlost prelazi iz optički gušćeg u optički rjeđe sredstvo, te se snop zraka svjetlosti reflektira natrag u gušće sredstvo i tada zagrijani sloj zraka djeluje kao zrcalo. Fatamorgana se javlja u pustinji ili iznad zagrijane ceste pri ljetnim vrućinama.

fatamorgana

 
Video - Optičke iluzije (Youtube)

Literatura: Boris Petz: Uvod u psihologiju, Naklada Slap, Jastrebarsko, 2001.

Ana Dobrica, Medikus kreativni laboratorij

 

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