Kleptomanija ili krađa?

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Psiha

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Četvrtak, 12 Ožujak 2009 09:45

Kleptomanija (grč. kleptein-krasti+mania) je poremećaj kontrole nagona. Kleptomani su nesposobni suzdržati se od poriva za krađom. Prilikom krađe raste osjećaj napetosti, a nakon obavljenog djela bez posljedica dolazi do osjećaja zadovoljstva. Sam čin povezan je sa seksualnim uzbuđenjem, a kleptomani su ovisnici o adrenalinu.

Uzroci

Uzroci poremećaja su obično neodgovarajući obiteljski odnosi, nisko samopoštovanje i seksualno nezadovoljstvo. Poriv se javlja naglo i nakon krađe praćen je proturječnim osjećajima zadovoljstva i krivice, te želje da se ukradeno vrati. Kleptomanija se razlikuje od krađe utoliko što osoba koja krade ne radi to iz koristoljublja i što je roba male novčane vrijednosti, koja kleptomanu često ne treba. Za razliku od profesionalnih kradljivaca, kleptomani uvijek djeluju samostalno, bez predumišljaja u samoposlugama, salonima i sl. Od ukupnog broja kradljivaca samo 5% su kleptomani.

Povezanost

Poremećaj počinje obično tijekom puberteta i traje do kasne adolescencije, a u nekim slučajevima i cijeli život. Češća je u žena nego u muškaraca. Psiholozi smatraju da je kleptomanija dio opsesivno-kompulzivnog poremećaja (40-60% slučajeva), poremećaja raspoloženja ili vrsta ovisnosti. Povezana je s paranoidnim i shizoidnim ponašanjem ili graničnim poremećajem ličnosti. Može se javiti kod ozljeda mozga ili trovanja ugljik-monoksidom. Dijagnoza poremećaja po američkoj klasifikaciji šifri (ICD-10) je F63.2.

Liječenje

Liječenje se provodi psihoterapijom za kontrolu nagona. Provodi se kognitivno-bihevioralna terapija u smislu učenja novih modela ponašanja. Lijekovi koji se primjenjuju su stabilizatori raspoloženja, inhibitori serotonina i antagonisti opioida. Specifičan lijek za kleptomaniju je naltrexon. U slučajevima depresije prepisuju se antidepresivi. Vrlo je važna obiteljska terapija, a u novije vrijeme se organiziraju i grupne terapije po uzoru na anonimne alkoholičare.

Wikipedia